Recruitment of crustose coralline algae on tiles material for monitoring coral larvae settlement's consolidators at Nature Reserve Pulau Sempu, East Java, Indonesia / Recrutamento de algas coralinas crustosas em azulejos para monitorar consolidadores de assentamentos de larvas de coral na Reserva Natural Pulau Sempu, Java Oriental, Indonésia

Crustose coralline algae (Corallinophycideae) are red algae that produced calcium carbonate and are well recognized as foundation species in the epipelagic zone of the marine ecosystem. These algae induced settlement juvenile of coral by released chemical cues from bacterial communities on the surface of their colonies. Their extracellular calcium carbonate also can stabilize reef structure that influencing many invertebrate attaches and growth in the seabed. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) have obtained attention because of their distribution and health compromise to increasing seawater temperature, ocean acidification, and pollutant. As a cryptic species in the ecosystem, the presence of CCA recruit sometimes doesn’t have attention, especially on their capability to occupy the empty space. This study aimed to document coverage and number of CCA recruit in two different recruitment tile’s material. The highest CCA percentage of the cover was showed inside surface than others surface in all stations. Light intensity and low sedimentation were suggested as a key factor of success of high coverage. Overall, station higher CCA recruits have shown from Tiga Warna. Low sedimentation and protection from aerial exposure became the main reason for it. No significant difference number of CCA recruits between marble and sandstone in this study. Successful CCA recruitment in this study can give a wide picture that natural recruitment of coral and other reef biodiversity in Southern Malang might be will succeed because of the abundance of coralline algae that support their life history stage.

As algas coralinas crustosas (Corallinophycideae) são algas vermelhas que produzem carbonato de cálcio e são bem reconhecidas como espécies de base na zona epipelágica do ecossistema marinho. Essas algas induziram o assentamento juvenil de coral por meio de estímulos químicos liberados por comunidades bacterianas na superfície de suas colônias. Seu carbonato de cálcio extracelular também pode estabilizar a estrutura do recife que influencia muitos invertebrados anexados e crescimento no fundo do mar. As algas coralinas crustosas (CCA) têm obtido atenção devido à sua distribuição e comprometimento da saúde com o aumento da temperatura da água do mar, acidificação dos oceanos e poluentes. Como uma espécie enigmática no ecossistema, a presença de recrutamento CCA às vezes não recebe atenção, especialmente em sua capacidade de ocupar o espaço vazio. Este estudo teve como objetivo documentar a cobertura e o número de recrutamento de CCA em dois materiais de recrutamento diferentes. A maior porcentagem de CCA da cobertura foi mostrada na superfície interna do que nas outras superfícies em todas as estações. A intensidade da luz e a baixa sedimentação foram sugeridas como um fator-chave para o sucesso da alta cobertura. De modo geral, recrutas de CCA mais graduados mostraram-se em Tiga Warna. A baixa sedimentação e a proteção contra a exposição aérea se tornaram a principal razão para isso. Não houve diferença significativa no número de recrutas CCA entre mármore e arenito neste estudo. O recrutamento bem-sucedido de CCA neste estudo pode dar uma imagem ampla de que o recrutamento natural de corais e outros recifes da biodiversidade no sul de Malang será bem-sucedido por causa da abundância de algas coralinas que sustentam seu estágio de história de vida.

Recruitment of crustose coralline algae on tiles material for monitoring coral larvae settlements consolidators at Nature Reserve Pulau Sempu, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract Crustose coralline algae (Corallinophycideae) are red algae that produced calcium carbonate and are well recognized as foundation species in the epipelagic zone of the marine ecosystem. These algae induced settlement juvenile of coral by released chemical cues from bacterial communities on the surface of their colonies. Their extracellular calcium carbonate also can stabilize reef structure that influencing many invertebrate attaches and growth in the seabed. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) have obtained attention because of their distribution and health compromise to increasing seawater temperature, ocean acidification, and pollutant. As a cryptic species in the ecosystem, the presence of CCA recruit sometimes doesnt have attention, especially on their capability to occupy the empty space. This study aimed to document coverage and number of CCA recruit in two different recruitment tiles material. The highest CCA percentage of the cover was showed inside surface than others surface in all stations. Light intensity and low sedimentation were suggested as a key factor of success of high coverage. Overall, station higher CCA recruits have shown from Tiga Warna. Low sedimentation and protection from aerial exposure became the main reason for it. No significant difference number of CCA recruits between marble and sandstone in this study. Successful CCA recruitment in this study can give a wide picture that natural recruitment of coral and other reef biodiversity in Southern Malang might be will succeed because of the abundance of coralline algae that support their life history stage.

Resumo As algas coralinas crustosas (Corallinophycideae) são algas vermelhas que produzem carbonato de cálcio e são bem reconhecidas como espécies de base na zona epipelágica do ecossistema marinho. Essas algas induziram o assentamento juvenil de coral por meio de estímulos químicos liberados por comunidades bacterianas na superfície de suas colônias. Seu carbonato de cálcio extracelular também pode estabilizar a estrutura do recife que influencia muitos invertebrados anexados e crescimento no fundo do mar. As algas coralinas crustosas (CCA) têm obtido atenção devido à sua distribuição e comprometimento da saúde com o aumento da temperatura da água do mar, acidificação dos oceanos e poluentes. Como uma espécie enigmática no ecossistema, a presença de recrutamento CCA às vezes não recebe atenção, especialmente em sua capacidade de ocupar o espaço vazio. Este estudo teve como objetivo documentar a cobertura e o número de recrutamento de CCA em dois materiais de recrutamento diferentes. A maior porcentagem de CCA da cobertura foi mostrada na superfície interna do que nas outras superfícies em todas as estações. A intensidade da luz e a baixa sedimentação foram sugeridas como um fator-chave para o sucesso da alta cobertura. De modo geral, recrutas de CCA mais graduados mostraram-se em Tiga Warna. A baixa sedimentação e a proteção contra a exposição aérea se tornaram a principal razão para isso. Não houve diferença significativa no número de recrutas CCA entre mármore e arenito neste estudo. O recrutamento bem-sucedido de CCA neste estudo pode dar uma imagem ampla de que o recrutamento natural de corais e outros recifes da biodiversidade no sul de Malang será bem-sucedido por causa da abundância de algas coralinas que sustentam seu estágio de história de vida.

Ethnic Variation and Its Association With Malaria Awareness: A Cross-sectional Study in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia / 예방의학회지

Objectives@#This study investigated associations between ethnicity and malaria awareness in East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP), Indonesia. @*Methods@#A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted upon 1503 adults recruited by multi-stage cluster random sampling. A malaria awareness questionnaire was used to collect data, according to which participants were classified as aware or unaware of malaria. Logistic regression was applied to quantify the strength of associations of factors with malaria awareness. @*Results@#The participation rate in this study was high (99.5%). The participants were distributed relatively evenly among the Manggarai, Atoni, and Sumba ethnicities (33.0, 32.3, and 30.2%, respectively). Malaria awareness was significantly different amongst these groups; it was most common in the Manggarai ethnicity (65.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 59.9 to 70.3) and least common in the Sumba ethnicity (35.0%; 95% CI, 27.6 to 42.4). The most prominent factor influencing the malaria awareness in the Sumba and Manggarai ethnicities was education level, whilst it was socioeconomic status (SES) in the Atoni ethnicity. The likelihood of malaria awareness was significantly higher in adults with an education level of diploma or above (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 21.4; 95% CI, 3.59 to 127.7 for Manggarai; aOR, 6.94; 95% CI, 1.81 to 26.6 for Sumba). Malaria awareness was significantly more common amongst high-SES adults in the Atoni group (aOR, 24.48; 95% CI, 8.79 to 68.21). @*Conclusions@#Low education levels and low SES were prominent contributors to lower levels of malaria awareness in rural ENTP. Interventions should focus on improving malaria awareness to these groups to support the Indonesian government’s national commitment to achieve a malaria elimination zone by 2030.

Meta-analysis on the role of Pregabalin in Fibromyalgia

Background@#Fibromyalgia is a difficult-to-treat chronic musculoskeletal pain and tenderness syndrome. It is considered due to augmented pain processing in central nervous system. Interest in antiepileptic drugs, included pregabalin, for treatment of fibromyalgia is currently growing. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pregabalin for fibromyalgia.@*Methods@#We conducted the study according to the meta-analysis PRISMA guideline. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from a search of PubMed and Cochrane databases. Quality of selected studies was assessed using Jadad score for randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCT). Primary outcome was pain score reduction (30% and 50% reduction) and secondary outcome was patient global impression of change. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.@*Results@#Six international, multicenter, high-quality RCTs with 8-15 weeks duration of treatment met inclusion criteria. Four studies used different fixed dose (300 mg/d, 450 mg/d, 600mg/d) and 2 studies used titrated dose in evaluating the efficacy of pregabalin. There was statistically significant benefit of pregabalin over placebo in mean pain score reduction [odds ratio (OR) 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56-2.10 p < 0.00001 in fixed dose pregabalin 30% pain reduction; OR 2.06 95% CI 1.66-2.56 p < 0.00001 in fixed dose pregabalin 50% pain reduction; OR 1.53 95% CI 1.10-2.13 p 0.01 in titrated dose pregabalin 30% pain reduction; OR 1.80 95% CI 1.12-2.88 p 0.01 in titrated dose pregabalin 50% pain reduction]. Pregabalin also demonstrated significantly better patient global impression of change than placebo. No heterogeneity was seen in most groups. No publication bias was observed.@*Conclusion@#Our study showed pregabalin monotherapy was effective for pain treatment associated with fibromyalgia. Further studies with longer treatment duration are needed to confirm the long-term effectiveness of pregabalin for fibromyalgia treatment.

Secondary Renal Amyloidosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient

@#INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of systemic chronic progressive inflammatory disorders based on immunological disharmonies. Poorly controlled systemic inflammation in RA often leads to renal diseases such as secondary amyloidosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old man complained of swelling and tenderness of multiple joints gradually worsened the past 7 years. His laboratory examination showed anemia, positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA). C-reactive protein (CRP) was 48.7 mg/L (Normal value is <5 mg/L), increase in serum creatinine and protein was +3 in urine. His estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was 58.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 Radiologic examinations of joints revealed features that support the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Renal biopsy was done revealed amyloid deposit. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and secondary renal amyloidosis. CONCLUSION: Early proper diagnosis of RA is important and immunosuppressive drugs might slow disease progression by controlling the inflammatory process We discussed the importance of early diagnosis and the use of better treatment in managing RA to prevent renal amyloidosis.

Analysis of predictors in outcome of fever with thrombocytopenia of pediatric age upto 12 years

Background: It is well recognized that many fetomaternal and neonatal conditions are associated with thrombocytopenia. Study aimed to establish the possible etiology of children presenting with thrombocytopenia.Methods: The study was carried out in 100 children 1 month-12 years, admitted at department of paediatrics, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India with fever and thrombocytopenia. A thorough history was obtained and a general and systemic examination done. Routine investigations were done in all cases and specific investigations as and when required.Results: Total 100 cases were studied. Among them, 65% developed only fever, 10% developed fever with bleeding and 25% developed fever with shock. In total admissions 55% of children admitted with warning symptoms including abdominal pain, vomiting, reduced urine output and black colored stools. There is a significant influence of warning symptoms in predicting the outcome of fever with thrombocytopenia. 30% of children admitted with respiratory distress. 30% of children admitted with abdominal distension. 60% children admitted with hepatomegaly. In these children, 20% of them developed fever with shock and 13% of them developed fever with bleeding, 52% children admitted with platelet count less than 1 lakh. In these patients, 19% of them developed fever with shock and 9% of them developed fever with bleeding. 60% had dengue serology positive, 12% had positive Widal test, 8% children had positive urine culture and sensitivity. There was a significant influence of etiology in predicting the morbidity as 15% of children having positive serology for dengue developed fever with shock. 10% of children having positive serology for dengue developed fever with bleeding. Bleeding manifestations were seen most commonly in children with a platelet count less than 50000/?l.Conclusions: The commonest cause of febrile thrombocytopenia in this study was dengue fever in Children. Platelet count was the predictive of bleeding manifestations.

Cognitive Development Based On The Volleyball Game Play In Physical Education

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU), Sport Education Model (SEM), and Hybrid Teaching Games for Understanding Sport Education Model (HTGfU–SEM) on the cognitive performance among Form 1 students on volleyball gameplay. Student’s cognitive focusing on the tactical decision-making aspect of opening and closing space and selection of skills used in the game. Methodology: The study is using the quasi-experimental method involving a sample of 96 Form 1 students. The control group is TGfU while the treatment groups are SEM and HTGfU-SEM. The research instrument was adapted from the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) with the validity value (r =.81). These modified instruments were used to assess the cognitive aspects of badminton gameplay. The Mean, SD, ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA and posthoc test were used to analyze the cognitive data. Results: As for the overall tactical decision making via a multivariate test in volleyball gameplay indicated significant effect through SEM. Especially for closing space in volleyball 3 vs. 3 gameplay through SEM, F (2, 93) = 10.054, p <0.05, η2 = .178. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a strong justification for implementing SEM in teaching and facilitating physical education games since it may enhance student’s cognitive ability especially in tactical decision-making in opening and closing space and selection of skills. Advancement in cognitive ability may enhance student’s capacity to mastery of in-game skills.

Acute Kidney Injury in Non-Shock Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

@#INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the severe complications in dengue hemorrhagic fever, usually occurred in shock. We report an interesting case of AKI in a hemodynamically stable dengue hemorrhagic fever patient. CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old male dengue fever patient referred to our institution in his day eight of illness due to three days of decreased urine output. He was hemodynamically stable with thrombocytopenia, increase in creatinine, positive for Anti dengue IgM, proteinuria, and hematuria. Ultrasound examination showed ascites. He was diagnosed with AKI stage III related to dengue hemorrhagic fever and underwent hemodialysis. A total of four series of hemodialysis and furosemide drip were performed during 12 days of admission and he was finally improved. CONCLUSION: Renal injury might occur in hemodynamically stable dengue hemorrhagic patients. It is a reversible condition; hence, appropriate treatment and close monitoring result in good outcomes

Rare case of an angiectatic sinonasal polyp feigning malignancy

Angiectatic sinonasal polyps are uncommon. However, riveting nature of this polyp lies in its clinical presentation mimicking a neoplasm. It is radiologically very challenging to pick up this lesion in spite of its characteristic findings on imaging. Histopathology is paramount for asserting diagnosis. We report a rare case of a patient who presented to our outpatient department with chief complaints of nasal block, nasal discharge, and epiphora for 6 months. On examination, a mass was found filling the left nasal cavity. Computed tomography scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy were suggestive of fungal sinusitis or sinonasal malignancy as a differential diagnosis. Biopsy was reported as benign sinonasal polyp. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of the mass, which on histopathology revealed the diagnosis of an angiectatic sinonasal polyp

Trombinol, a bioactive fraction of Psidium guajava, stimulates thrombopoietin expression in HepG2 cells

Objective To study the regulation of trombinol on thrombopoietin, an essential regulator of thrombocyte production. Methods Effect of trombinol on thrombopoietin regulation was evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The mRNA expressions were revealed by PCR and real-time PCR, while the protein expressions were analyzed using western blotting and human ELISA kit. Statistical differences between the test were determined by student's t-test with P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Trombinol significantly increased the expression of thrombopoietin at the level of mRNA and protein secretion in HepG2 cell lines. Trombinol with the concentration of 15 μg/mL, positively induces 2.5-fold of thrombopoietin expression. Up-regulation of GABP, a transcription factor of thrombopoietin, is suggested to be involved in cellular regulatory mechanisms of trombinol. Here, our result shows convincing evidence that trombinol affects the thrombopoietin productions in vitro. This molecular explanation of thrombopoietin's stimulating function is in line with the traditional use of Psidium guajava for treatment of diseases involving thrombocytopenia. Conclusions Thrombopoietin stimulating function of trombinol could be potentially considered as one of alternative treatment for thrombocytopenia-related cases, including post chemotherapy shock, dengue fever and liver failure.

Standardized bioactive fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Proliverenol) prevents ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity via down-regulation of NF-κB-TNFα-caspase-8 pathway

Objective To verify that Proliverenol has a potential ability in protecting cells from ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods Activity of Proliverenol against ethanol-induced apoptosis was evaluated at mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 cell exposed to Proliverenol for 1 and 3 h. Results Proliverenol conferred hepatoprotective activity through increasing cell survival up to 53%–69% via up-regulation of APEX1 DNA repair enzyme for 3.0–4.7 fold and down-regulating of nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factorα and caspase-8 expression, allowing them to prevent 4.5–6.9 fold of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) leakage in HepG2 cells. Our finding revealed that Proliverenol repressed expression of ALT, which is significantly important as possible alternative mechanism for increased blood transaminase activities. In addition, the result also showed that caspase-8 pathway seemed to be involved in the molecular pathway rather than directly inducing mitochondrial damage. Conclusions The data support our hypothesis that Proliverenol has a potential ability in protecting cells from ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. We propose that Proliverenol provides hepatoprotective activity through up-regulating expression of APEX1 that repress DNA fragmentation, and down-regulating expression of nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factorα and caspase-8, which therefore repress ALT leakage and its expression.

Infectious disease pattern and serum albumin levels in elderly people hospitalized at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta during 2004.

AIM: to have the picture of infectious disease pattern and serum albumin level in elderly people with respiratory tract infection hospitalized at the Internal Medicine Ward, Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta. METHODS: descriptive-retrospective study. Sample was taken from the medical records of patients hospitalized at the Internal Medicine Ward DR. Moewardi Hospital from January to December 2004. Infectious disease includes the ones at the respiratory tract (pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), urinary tract infection (UTI), digestive tract infection (gastroenteritis, typhoid fever), and tetanus. Serum albumin level data of patients with respiratory tract infection were taken from the hospital's laboratory results. RESULTS: from 337 elderly patients hospitalized at the Internal Medicine Ward DR. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, proportion of patients aged 70 years or above was 39.17%, aged 60-64 years old were 37.09%, and 66-69 years were 23.74%. Distribution of diseases according to frequency is respiratory tract infection (66.77%), urinary tract infection (15.73 %), digestive tract infection (15.43%) (12.17%) and tetanus (2.07 %). From 57 elderly with respiratory tract infection, we found 45 individuals (78.95%) with hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSION: the most common infectious disease found in the elderly hospitalized at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta is respiratory tract infection. Hypoalbuminemia was found in 78.95% of 57 elderly with respiratory tract infection.

Serum complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) level in febrile neutropenia patients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang and Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta.

AIM: to identify the serum complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) level in febrile neutropenia and non-febrile neutropenia patients. METHODS: this is a cross-sectional prospective study. Samples were collected from patients with febrile neutropenia as sample group and patients with neutropenia but without fever as control. Both groups were tested for serum complement 3 and complement 4 level, and the data were analyzed using student T-test. RESULTS: from 37 neutropenia patients, 23 were classified as febrile neutropenia group and 14 in non-febrile neutropenia as control group. Total mean neutrophil count was 653.22/ml serum in sample group and 594.36/ml serum in control group (p=0.575). Mean C3 level was 95.74 ug/dl in sample group and 130.00 ug/dl in control group, showing significant difference with p=0.031. The mean serum C4 level was 34.13 ug/ml in sample group and 34.00 ug/dl in control group, the difference is not significant with p=0.98. When sample C3 and C4 data were combined, the total level was 125.61 ug/ml, which was significantly lower than the total C3 and C4 in control group 184.07 ug/dl. (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: in febrile neutropenia there is significant decrease of serum C3 level compared to non-febrile neutropenia. Serum C4 level in febrile neutropenia group is lower than the non-febrile neutropenia group, but the difference is not significant.

Inhibition of heterochromatin condensation of human Y chromosome by distamycin-A.

Distamycin-A, an oligopeptide antibiotic with a N-methylpyrrole ring system and propionamide side chain, preferentially forms stable bonds with AT rich double stranded DNA. When introduced to cell cultures, it inhibits condensation of the heterochromatic region of the Y chromosome. The frequency of metaphases showing inhibition of heterochromatin condensation of the Y chromosome was found to be dependent on the treatment time and concentration of distamycin-A in the culture medium. When distamycin-A was added to a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml at the start of the culture (72 hours), the frequency of Y heterochromatin decondensation was found to be 48%, 30% and 6% in amniotic fluid, lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures respectively. The highest frequency of metaphases with decondensed Y heterochromatin were observed when distamycin-A treatment was carried out for the last 24 hours prior to harvest, the frequencies being 94%, 72% and 59% in amniotic fluid, lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures respectively. Increase in the concentration of distamycin-A from 25 micrograms/ml to 50 micrograms/ml during the last 24 hours of culture increased the incidence of metaphases with Y heterochromatin decondensation from 51% to 69% in amniotic fluid, 40 to 49% in lymphocyte and 29% to 31% in fibroblast cultures. Highest frequency of metaphases with Y heterochromatin decondensation were observed when the cultures were exposed to distamycin-A at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml for the last 24 hours of culture.